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About 80% of Scottish and Irish people belong to Haplogroup 1. Haplogroups are basically a genetic way of describing race, and they are based on a sequence of genes on the Y-chromosome. Sons almost always inherit an identical copy of their fathers Y chromosome, and the same applies for paternal grandfather and great-grandfather etc, etc. Prior to 3000 years ago, all of Europe’s inhabitants belonged to haplogroup 1, and this was established my analyzing the bones of people who lived back then.
Today, much of Europe is of "Aryan" extraction, which includes Haplogroups 2, 3, and 4. HP2 being Germanic, HP3 being Scandinavian/Slavic, and HP4 being described as Finnish. The bulk of these people (particularly Germanic tribes) arrived in Europe as the Roman Empire began to falter. For example, the Anglo-Saxons arrived in Britain when the Romans abandoned it to safeguard more important bases in Europe. Prior to this date, the people of southern Britain were Briton Celts. These people were left defenseless when the Romans left, and the Saxons removed them from all of the south of Briton bar Wales and Cornwall. Many Britons also fled to France to form Brittany.
An interesting conclusion of haplogroup anthropology from a Scots perspective, is the fact that the Scottish are of Pictish/Gaelic extraction both in the Highlands and in the Lowlands - this accounts for the 80% HP1 figure. Ironically Ulster has a higher HP1 percentage than the Irish province of Leinster (contains Dublin) - although this is simply explained by the fact that most of those planted in Ulster were Scottish, while the Irish midlands was planted by English, Normans and Huguenot.
Its also important to keep in mind that Celtic people have, and are still, moving to England in vast numbers. Ireland's population was similar to that of England's prior to the potato famine - today their population is about 1/15 of England’s. There are 50 million Irish Americans and a third of Australia’s population is of Irish decent. So you can guess yourself as to what percentage of England population is Irish-English, Scottish-English, Welsh-English, Manx-English, or Cornish English. This movement of Celts to English cities would help explain why anthropologists have recorded values of 60% HP1 in Essex.
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